Polypropylene (PP fiber) is the largest synthetic fiber of the four major synthetic fibers, and is the second largest synthetic fiber variety. Polypropylene can be divided into staple fiber, filament, non-woven fabric, tobacco tow, expanded continuous filament (BCF), etc., mainly used for packaging, cigarette filter, carpet, non-woven fabrics, clothing and other products. In addition to being used as fiber, industrial polypropylene is the most active market, and consumption in medical and sanitary materials is growing rapidly. With the emphasis on the quality of the project, the application of polypropylene non-woven fabrics in the construction of roads, reservoirs and dams will increase rapidly. Polypropylene is bound to play a major role in the wide range of applications of synthetic fibers, and the prospects are very broad.
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Polypropylene first appeared in Italy in 1954. In 1959, Montecatini was put into commercial production under the trademark “Meraklonâ€. Polypropylene is characterized by low relative density, low melting point and glass transition temperature, high crystallinity, low moisture absorption rate, good chemical resistance and good mechanical properties. However, heat resistance and light resistance are poor. In addition, polypropylene has lower cost than other synthetic fibers due to low raw material prices and low energy consumption. In the 1960s, polypropylene began to enter the market, and polypropylene flat yarn gradually replaced jute and became the basic raw material for the sack industry. Canada's Cellanese developed short-spinning polypropylene in 1962, while expanded continuous filament (BCF) began to be used in the carpet industry. At present, 90% of the carpet backing and 25% carpet veil in the world are made of polypropylene.
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Due to its excellent performance, polypropylene has abundant raw materials, simple manufacturing process and low cost. There is a broad prospect in the application of clothing, decoration and industrial products, so the development of new polypropylene fiber products is also emerging. Polypropylene functional fibers were first valued in developed countries such as Japan and the United States.
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Since the 1960s, Japan has increased its investment in polypropylene functional fiber and high-performance fiber research, and has continuously introduced high-tech new products, emphasizing its use in decoration and industrial use, and broadening the application fields of textiles. The United States has developed a variety of functional polypropylene, such as antibacterial, flame retardant, antistatic, antifouling. Western European countries are also very active in the research and development of polypropylene, and have successfully developed conductive, electrothermal, bioabsorbable and degradable polypropylene. At present, Japan's polypropylene functional textiles account for 39% of all textiles. Recently, Japan's Mitsubishi launched the environmentally friendly polypropylene "Mitsubishi Pylen".
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With the improvement of the polymerization spinning technology, polypropylene has developed from coarse denier to fine denier and ultrafine denier. In the 1970s, the development of polypropylene fine fiber first appeared in the United States, Italy, the Czech Republic and other countries; ultra-fine polypropylene was a new type of polypropylene fiber developed to the thinning of artificial silk and fabric, except for the light weight of conventional polypropylene. It has the advantages of good heat retention, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. It also has the characteristics of softness, moisture guiding and comfortable wearing. Its fine denier and ultra-fine denier are used for making sportswear, underwear, high-grade clothing and filter media. Excellent materials, they have unique and excellent performance.
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In the mid-1980s, concrete reinforced polypropylene made progress, and the United States and Western Europe have begun to be used in the construction industry. Since the 1990s, with the continuous improvement of polypropylene properties, the variety of polypropylene has become more diverse, General Motors, Dao Chemical Company and Monsanto Company occupy a very important position in this field. 28% of US textiles are polypropylene functional textiles.
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Although the development of polypropylene fiber in China started late, it has developed rapidly. The average annual growth rate in the 1980s was 36%, which was much higher than the growth rate of global polypropylene i2%. It is also significantly higher than the 16% growth rate of domestic fiber. In the 1990s, China's polypropylene still developed at a higher rate than the average growth of synthetic fibers. The annual demand for polypropylene fiber in China has exceeded 500,000 tons, of which high-grade non-woven fabrics and sports materials are basically imported.
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China's research and development of polypropylene fiber has experienced a process from scratch in the past 20 years, and now the research on functionalization of polypropylene has entered a period of vigorous development. Not only are the varieties increasingly diverse, most of the new functional polypropylenes are produced and researched in China. Such as flame retardant fiber, antibacterial fiber, anti-UV fiber, far infrared fiber and other varieties have a certain yield.
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Second, the development of new varieties of polypropylene
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Shaped polypropylene
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Ordinary polypropylene fiber has a round cross section, and the yarn has a waxy texture and a plasticized shape, which affects the wearing performance and appearance of the fabric. Therefore, it is necessary to use a suitable non-circular cross section to eliminate or minimize the waxy hand, and spray it as needed. The wire cross section can be made into a shape such as a star, a triangle, a polygon, or the like. The cross section of the fiber also affects the volume, insulation, resilience, wicking effect, gloss, and suction effect of the yarn.
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