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Since the French scientist Plant invented the lead-acid battery in 1859, scientists have been trying to use the method of adding various trace elements in the positive and negative plates to improve the performance of the battery and solve the technical problem of short lead-acid battery life. The facts of more than 100 years have proved that although some battery performance problems have been solved, the fundamental problem of short battery life has not been solved! Scientists around the world in the field of batteries have been wondering how to improve the life of batteries. The redox reaction is performed with an electrolyte having a specific gravity of about 1.28. As a result, one battery is scrapped for one to two years. Because the positive and negative plates will form a part of the insoluble ** lead discharge, with the increase in the number of charge and discharge, the number of insoluble ** lead will be more and more accumulated, so that the conductivity of the positive and negative plates sharply reduced, within As the resistance increases, the battery's charge and discharge capability is greatly reduced. Over time, the irreversible lead crystals on the poles accumulate to a certain extent (the capacity drops below 70%), which ultimately leads to complete scrapping of the battery. This is the result of the well-known twinning theory.

The battery performs the following reaction during charge and discharge: PbO2+2H2SO4+Pb→Discharge--Charge ←PbSO4+2H2O+PbSO4

From the results of the reaction, lead sulfate was generated after work was performed on the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The theory established in accordance with this reaction equation is the theory of bipolar sulfation. Why is the discharge current of ordinary batteries greater, the smaller the output capacity? Because the discharge of the battery in the two plates of lead sulfate is formed by the surface and in the early discharge of large currents, the plate soon formed a layer of lead sulfate crystals, hindering the deep diffusion of sulfuric acid to the plate; with the continuous discharge The recrystallization of lead in the surface layer of the plate leads to formation of coarse ** lead crystals that clog the pores of the active material, and the electrolyte hardly diffuses deep into the plate, which affects the further progress of the chemical reaction, resulting in insufficient capacity of the battery. freed. The larger the discharge current is, the smaller the capacity is. The generation of irreversible lead and insoluble lead in Dalian School Bus will greatly increase the internal resistance of the battery, especially in the charging process, the battery may have difficulties in charging, voltage increase, heat generation, anode mudification, thermal runaway, etc. .

The current production of batteries due to the limitations of the manufacturing technology, the use of diluted sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte, due to the electrolyte ion power shortage, especially in the discharge of sulfuric acid does not have enough power to diffuse deep into the plate ( More severe in winter) Three types of sulfate crystals are produced on the plate: reversible lead sulfate, insoluble lead sulfate, and irreversible lead sulfate. Each time the battery is charged and discharged, 1-3% of insoluble lead sulfate and irreversible lead sulfate are generated. This vicious cycle will continue to increase with the increase in the number of charge and discharge, which is the root cause of short-lived lead-acid batteries.

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