How to identify various imitations of turquoise malachite and gibbsite

Recently, many friends are asking me what is artificial turquoise, what is malachite, what is gibbsite, what is the relationship between these stones, how to distinguish? My little stone is a Shiyan people in Hubei. The authentic Zhushan people are also the origin of turquoise in the turquoise town. I have been sorting out the materials these days. I also want to find a better and simpler way to tell the fans how to distinguish them. Well, if there is something wrong, please advise the seniors :

三水铝石

1. Gibbsite: a mineral that is symbiotic with turquoise, the main difference from turquoise is

(1) Its color is relatively light and it is difficult to reach sky blue:

(2) Glass luster, which is different from turquoise waxy and earthy luster.

(3) Brittleness, easy to collapse, and turquoise is more resilient.

(4) The hardness is low.

(5) Soily smell.

(6) The density is lower than turquoise.

孔雀石

2. Chrysocolla: It is a mineral similar in appearance to turquoise. The main difference is

(1) The color is bright and the transparency is high.

(2) The refractive index is low.

(3) The density and hardness are relatively low.

3. Blue-green glass: The main difference is its glass luster, shell-like fracture, and bubbles and swirls that may be seen inside.

绿松石

4. Reconstructed turquoise: It is made by pressing some turquoise particles and blue powder materials under a certain temperature and pressure. This material can be identified by the following aspects

(1) Structure: The appearance is like porcelain, and there is a distinct granular structure.

(2) Acid test: It is blue due to the copper-containing compound, and the copper salt can be dissolved in hydrochloric acid. The acid is dropped on the surface and wiped with a white cotton ball, which will fade.

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