Linen is made of flax, which is an ancient bast fiber crop and oil crop originating from the Near East and the Mediterranean coast. In the Neolithic period more than 5,000 years ago, the Swiss lakeside inhabitants and the ancient Egyptians had cultivated flax and used its fiber to fabricate clothing and make clothing. Linen garments are breathable and smooth, and are not prone to static electricity. She is the first choice for summer clothing, but also suitable for spring and autumn clothing. Household fabrics made of linen, such as tablecloths, sheets, and curtains, are not only easy to wash, durable, but also unique in style, soft and natural. In the living room, if linens, curtains, and other decorative fabrics are all made of linen, it is equivalent to installing automatic conditioners, giving people a feeling of comfort and nature that is beneficial to the physical and mental health of the person. The advent of these linen fabrics goes through a complicated process - the flax spinning process. Let DaYao Textile take you along to learn about the production process of linen spinning.
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First, prepare raw materials for flax
1, flax, also known as flax, is an annual herb. Flax fiber is the main high-grade hemp spinning raw material. Its fiber strength is 6.5 times that of cotton and 4 times that of wool. It has the reputation of “fiber queenâ€.
2, the initial processing of flax fiber: The original stem of flax has been specially treated so that the cellulose material in the phloem layer is separated from the surrounding tissue to obtain useful textile fibers. After processing, the linen is commonly called flax.
3. The raw materials used by the flax spinning mill are made into hemp, and the hemp into the factory has its origin and hemp number. Ma Ma is generally divided into 10-22, the higher the number, the better the quality of Ma.
Second, combing Ma process
1, split beam
The hemp will be divided into small bundles of a certain weight to suit the feeding requirements of the carding machine. This process needs to be completed manually. In splitting, in addition to coloring the hemp that does not meet the quality requirements, it must be ensured that the bundled diameter of the hemp is maintained in the range of 2.6cm-2.8cm.
2, hemp
A certain amount of small bunches of flax were handed over to the doctor who was sitting on the squeaking machine. He was fed by the holler to the squeaking machine. According to the process requirements, each clipper of the carding machine needs to feed two bundles of hemp. When the hemp is to be spread evenly, the width is accurate. There must be no malpractices in the roots when they are fed, and they must not send single bundles of ramie and bundle them.
3, æ ‰ comb
The flax carding machine is a machine that mainly uses combing action. According to the steel needle acting on the fiber, one end of the fiber is held and the other end is combed by the steel needle. The carding machine combs the beamed bundles into combs, combs out the long and neatly mixed hemp, and the juniper with a large number of fibers, disordered fibers, and irregularities. This process is mainly to further divide the beaten hemp into smaller process fibers and remove some non-spun yarn impurities such as hemp. Change the fiber condition and structure of linen.
4, the selection number
After the ramie is combed and combed by a carding machine, hemp is output at different positions on the same side of the hemp. The output of the long linen by the selected number of workers in accordance with the process requirements, both hands to take hemp, a bunch of shoulders, a bundle of twisted, are not allowed to bundle. The number-selecting laboratories must pick out linseeds from the output of long-distance tannins, comb blind ramie, and include unqualified burrs such as hemp and hemp. At the same time, the number-selecting worker must also inspect the operating conditions of the left and right clamps during operation to ensure smooth and orderly work. The six bundles of combed long staples are bundled and are bundled and stored in warehouses by pickers.
5, humidification and maintenance
The hemp and short hemp combed by a rake card are stored in different warehouses for humidification and maintenance respectively. The humidification and maintenance are mainly the humidification and maintenance of the fibers, giving the fibers a certain amount of emulsion. Emulsions are generally formulated with 1% M80 emulsified oil, 3% No. 7 mechanical oil, 96% water, and special linen flavouring agents can also be used. Then, the high-pressure spray equipment is used to humidify the long-staple and short-staple layers one by one. In order to increase the combing rate of the combing machine and reduce the falling hemp. After the fibers are humidified, the oil and water obtained from the various parts of the fibers are uneven. To do this, it must be maintained and covered with nylon cloth. The pile should not be placed less than 24 hours, so that the emulsion can fully penetrate the middle of the fiber, so that it can be prepared for long hemp.
Third, long linen roving textile technology
1, into a bar
The quality of long and short linen is different, so their roving spinning process is also different. Let us first understand the long linen roving textile process. The first is the process of forming long strips of hemp into strips. The strip forming process is the process of carding and drafting the hemp that is humidified and maintained by artificial hemp. The strips are made to have a uniform number of strips. This process is first divided into a uniform beamlet by a barrender, then the front hand grasps the beam, the back hand grasps the distance, the front hand tip to the head, hold the bar, back hand back Straighten the bars to make them smooth and straight. After the slivers are drawn by the slivering machine, the slivers of the slivering machine output the slivers that meet the quality to the sliver barrels for transport. The slivering process is mainly to uniform the slivers, the length and weight of the slivers to the standards, and to eliminate sticky slivers, dusty slivers and messy slivers.
2. Parallel
The bundles of strands are transported to the front spinning shop for the drawing process. The work shop for the drawing process has certain requirements for temperature and humidity. The humidity in the workshop is maintained at 70-75% and the temperature is maintained at 23-26°C. The drawing process is a process in which two or more strips are stacked together along their length to form a whole, so that the fibers are further stretched in parallel and the length of the strips is not uniform. The stretching of the strips is completed to achieve the degree of thickness needed for spinning and to increase the uniformity of the structure of the strips. Further weaving and carding fibers, combing out impurities and non-spun yarns, and making uniform strips that meet the process requirements for use in the next process.
3, long linen roving textile
The slivers are made into slivers that meet the process requirements after four draws and then enter the roving spinning process. The roving spinning process mainly consists of drafting, carding, winding, and shaping of the strip after processing. The traction area will be long and narrow. Then the fleece enters the roving machine winding mechanism and pulls out the drawn strip to the machine, and it is wound on the corner tube according to a certain rule to facilitate the transportation management.
Fourth, short hemp roving textile technology
1, combing
Short hemp has a large amount of impurities, fiber disorder, and poor uniformity of length, so it is different from the process of long staple wool spinning.
The shifters flattened the short hemp at the input of the combined combing machine in a thickness of about 15cm. The machine automatically rolls in the short hemp and combs the comb to remove impurities and linters to make a certain number of counts. Evenly with a certain intensity of the bar. At the outlet of the combing machine, a short barrel of hemp is placed in a barrel. The operator is required to store the filled barrels in a fixed position for use in the next process.
2. Cut again
The combed short hemp linen is transported to the front spinning shop. The use of re-cutting machine for re-cutting, the role of re-cutting is to pull off the ultra-long fibers, to ensure the combing quality of the combing machine, so that the combed hemp net clear, good fiber laps, and then combined with the role of strips, Reduce the effect of uneven length.
3, needle comb
The re-cut slivers are combed by a needle combing machine and the slivers are subjected to two needle combings. The sliver combing is mainly to combine, draft, comb and remove impurities from the slivers, and to obtain a certain number of slivers and evenness. Flakes for use in combing processes.
4, combing
The short hemp bar combed by the needle combing process is combed with a combing machine, and the combing bar is subjected to two combing processes. The combing is mainly the removal of hemp, impurities and unqualified short fibers in the bar, so that The fibers are stretched in parallel and evenly mixed to increase the uniformity of the product for spinning.
5, then needle comb
Needle combing is to comb combing, drafting, combing and removing impurities from the combed combs again through a combing machine to make a bar with a certain number of counts and evenness consistent with roving textiles. The short hemp must go through four needle combing procedures before it can provide the quality of the roving for the roving textile.
4, short hemp roving textile
After short combing, combing, re-cutting, two-needle combing, two-combing and four-needle combing processes, the short linen is made into a uniform bar with a certain number of counts. Short hemp is used for short hemp roving machines, while long hemp uses long hemp roving machines. The main difference between the two machines is the needle board at the drafting section. The needle board of the short hemp roving machine is shorter than the needle board of the long flax roving machine. The short hemp roving produced from the textile is stronger than the long hemp roving in strength, toughness, and thickness. Low quality. According to the quality of the different areas of use of long linen and short hemp spinning are not the same.
Fifth, roving cooking and bleaching process
Both short hemp rovings and long hemp rovings must be boiled before entering the next spinning wet spinning process. Let us first understand the roving boil, roving boiled process is the use of chemical processing, the flax fiber impurities, some or all of the removal process. The brewing and bleaching process is divided into five steps: the first step of pickling, the second step of sub-floatation, the third step of washing, the fourth step of oxygen bleaching, and the fifth step of water washing.
After the completion of the oxygen bleaching, the bleaching process is only finished in the last step, washing with cold water and hot water once. The hot water is maintained at a temperature of about 40° C., and the time for washing is between 10-15 minutes. After all the bleaching steps are completed, The high-pressure main pot was opened, and the rouge with the original color turned into a white roving. Each piece was like an artwork.
This process has improved the working conditions of the wet spinning workshop. After the scouring, the roving cleanliness is improved, the fiber strength is improved, and the structure is evenly increased, which is conducive to the reduction of the breakage of the spinning frame. Because of the increased cleanliness, conditions are provided for the speed increase of the spinning frame. Generally can increase the spindle speed 10-20%. The rinsing and bleaching process reduces the entire spinning process route. Due to the adoption of the rinsing and bleaching process, the use factor is increased by 5-8%. The pure white roving will go to the next process after the boil and bleach are completed.
Sixth, flax spinning wet spinning process
Fine yarn wet spinning process is a process in which the semi-finished long-staple rovings and short-fifty rovings of the previous process are subjected to different drafting, twisting, and winding of the three spinning machines, and they are spun into certain thicknesses and certain strengths. Quality standard spun yarn.
The main task of the spinner during the wet spinning of the spun yarn is the joint, which allows the yarn to be continuously produced. Reduce broken ends, reduce defective products, increase production and quality, and increase labor productivity. The spun yarn operator always pays attention to the machine he is responsible for, constantly inspects, and at the same time guarantees the cleanliness of the machine, and often maintains the spinning machine to ensure normal work.
Seven, drying
The spun yarn on the upper and lower side of the flax wet spinning machine contains about 100% moisture. After the winding is tightened, the moisture of the spun yarn still accounts for 60-70%, so that the wet spun yarn cannot be used for the next process. Therefore, it must be Wet spinning spun yarn is dried so that the spun yarn is within the factory specified moisture content. The wet spun yarn is dried with a dryer. The drying machine's working parameters are controlled at the drying humidity of 95-100 degrees. This temperature range can guarantee the yarn's elasticity and strength. Drying air pressure: 2.5-3.5mpa, baking time is not less than 6 hours. 10 minutes each time.
Eight, winding process
The winding process connects the spools of limited length sent from the spinning section to the process requirements. The tubes are connected into a certain shape to facilitate the use, storage and transportation of the next process. The spun yarn passes through the yarn clearing tension device, removes impurities and weak links from the yarn, and improves yarn quality. When the yarn winds up, the yarn is often disconnected, and the reeling gear operator discovers and conducts the joint at the first time. The joint method first straightens the yarn, then grips both ends of the yarn, and cuts the yarn at an appropriate distance. The right-handed yarn end is placed on the bottom of the left-hand yarn end, and the card table is started around to complete the required number in one minute. The yarn end of the joint is controlled between 3-6mm. The knot is small, solid and wear-resistant. The end is short and does not shed.
Nine, packaging process
The packaging process is the winding of the winding process. After finishing, drawing, overlapping, etc., the forming defects are all corrected to meet the relevant standards, and the color is selected, and then packed according to the specified weight for transportation and storage.
The coarse and messy linen finally formed a pure white artwork through many rigorous processes. The fine white yarn contains the wisdom and sweat of the crowd, because its intrinsic value has been loved by the world. Now linen yarn is widely used in all walks of life, clothing, home furnishing, industry, national defense and so on. At the same time, the large-scale production capacity of linen textiles solves the employment problem of a large part of people. Increased wealth for society and promoted social harmony and stability.
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